(A) "Energy saved is energy produced." Justify the statement with suitable arguments.

(i) When we save electricity, it reduces the need to generate more power in power plants. Therefore, saving energy works like producing new energy.

(ii) Energy resources such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas are exhaustible. By saving energy, we conserve these valuable natural resources for the future.

(iii) Energy conservation reduces the cost of electricity generation and helps the country save money.

(iv) Saving energy also reduces pressure on power stations and prevents electricity shortages.

(v) Simple habits like switching off lights, fans, and electrical appliances when not in use can save a large amount of energy.

(vi) Energy conservation is very important because every unit of energy saved is equal to a unit of energy produced.

(vii) Some other measures to save energies are

a) Use power saving device.

b) Using public transport.

c) Use car-pooling.

(viii) We have to adopt a cautious approach for the judicious use of our limited energy resources.

(ix) Shift to non-conventional sources of energy will lead to sustainable development.

(B) “Electricity has a wide range of applications in today’s world that its per capita consumption is considered as an index of development.” Justify the statement with suitable arguments.

(i) Electricity is widely used to run machines and equipment in industries such as iron and steel, textiles, chemicals and engineering for industrial development.

(ii) It is used for operating irrigation pumps, tube wells and agricultural machinery, which helps increase agricultural production.

(iii) Electricity is used in households for lighting, heating, cooling, cooking and running electrical appliances.

(iv) Many modern transport systems such as electric trains and metro railways depend on electricity.

(v) Electricity is essential for telecommunication networks, television, radio, computers and internet services.

(vi) Commercial activities like offices, markets, banks, hotels and shopping centres require electricity for daily operations.

(vii) Schools, colleges, hospitals and laboratories depend on electricity for lighting, equipment and technology.

(viii) Greater availability and use of electricity improve people’s comfort, productivity and quality of life.